![]() ![]() T2 - Why conservation monitoring programs need a plan for action T1 - Counting the books while the library burns These attributes include: (1) explicit articulation of how monitoring information will inform conservation actions, (2) transparent specification of trigger points within monitoring programs at which strategic interventions will be implemented, and (3) rigorous quantification of the ability to achieve early detection of change.", Here, we outline cases in which species were monitored until they suffered local, regional, or global extinction in the absence of a preplanned intervention program, and contend that conservation monitoring programs should be embedded within a management plan and characterized by vital attributes to ensure their effectiveness. However, without articulating how monitoring information will trigger relevant conservation actions, programs that monitor species until they become extinct are at odds with the primary goal of conservation: avoiding biodiversity loss. These attributes include: (1) explicit articulation of how monitoring information will inform conservation actions, (2) transparent specification of trigger points within monitoring programs at which strategic interventions will be implemented, and (3) rigorous quantification of the ability to achieve early detection of change.Ībstract = "Conservation monitoring programs are critical for identifying many elements of species ecology and for detecting changes in populations. All but one of the locations had annual average perchlorate levels below 1 μg L −1 however, 7 of the 8 sites sampled had river water perchlorate detections over 1 μg L −1 and 5 of the 8 sites had treated water detections over this level.Conservation monitoring programs are critical for identifying many elements of species ecology and for detecting changes in populations. Results from the summer (June–August) and fall (September–November) months sampled in this study were generally higher than from the winter and spring months (December–May). There were no correlations found between the presence of perchlorate and any of the anions or water quality parameters examined in the source water with the exception of a weak positive correlation with water temperature. There was no evidence that any of the existing drinking water treatment technologies at the sampling sites were effective in removing perchlorate. Within the sampling boundaries, river (untreated) water perchlorate concentrations ranged from 0.03 μg L −1 to 7.63 μg L −1, averaged 0.67 ± 0.97 μg L −1 over the year-long period and had a median value of 0.37 μg L −1. Spatially, higher levels of perchlorate were found at sites located in west-central Maryland, the eastern panhandle of West Virginia, and central northern Virginia, with levels decreasing slightly as the Potomac approaches Washington DC. ![]() Samples from the period between December and May had lower perchlorate concentrations, relative to the remainder of the study year. Over the year of sampling, the largest monthly increase occurred from June to July, with levels then decreasing from July to September. Data were analyzed to identify spatial and temporal patterns for the occurrence of perchlorate in the Potomac. Data on anions were also collected for seven of the twelve months. Samples were collected each month from October 2007 to September 2008 and analyzed for perchlorate by ion chromatography/ mass spectrometry. Samples of river water and treated drinking water were obtained from eight sites along the Potomac River between western Maryland and Washington DC. ![]()
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